随着星间通信系统的迅速发展，数据传输的精度要求不断提高。分光镜作为系统的核心元件，其光谱特性和面形精度直接影响整个系统的传输精度。本文基于薄膜干涉理论，选取Ta₂O₅与SiO₂作为高低折射率膜层材料进行膜系设计，采用电子束蒸发的方式在石英基板上制备高精度分光镜。同时根据膜层应力补偿原理建立面形修正模型，修正分光镜面形。光谱分析仪检测结果显示，分光镜在入射角度为21.5°～23.5°内，1563 nm透过率大于98%，1540 nm反射率大于99%。激光干涉仪检测结果显示，分光镜反射面形精度RMS由λ/10修正至λ/90（λ=632.8 nm），透过面形精度RMS为λ/90。

Discriminating two spatially separated sources is one of the most fundamental problems in imaging. Recent research based on quantum parameter estimation theory shows that the resolution limit of two incoherent point sources given by Rayleigh can be broken. However, in realistic optical systems, there often exists coherence in the imaging light field, and there have been efforts to analyze the optical resolution in the presence of partial coherence. Nevertheless, how the degree of coherence between two point sources affects the resolution has not been fully understood. Here, we analyze the quantum-limited resolution of two partially coherent point sources by explicitly relating the state after evolution through the optical systems to the coherence of the sources. In particular, we consider the situation in which coherence varies with the separation. We propose a feasible experiment scheme to realize the nearly optimal measurement, which adaptively chooses the binary spatial-mode demultiplexing measurement and direct imaging. Our results will have wide applications in imaging involving coherence of light.

膜厚均匀性作为高精度光学薄膜的重要参数，对光学薄膜的性能起到至关重要的作用，特别是大尺寸高精度反射膜，对膜厚均匀性的要求极高。本文通过研究蒸发源的发射特性与膜厚分布，结合Mathcad软件建立精准数学及物理模型，编写自动程序，模拟修正挡板形状，极大地提高了薄膜制备均匀性修正的效率与准确性。通过该方法，在公自转行星蒸发沉积设备上制备了直径为320 mm的非球面深紫外反射镜，在紫外(240~300 nm)波段平均反射率大于97.5%，均匀性优于0.5%。本研究对大口径非球面薄膜的均匀性修正提供了理论基础与技术支撑。

随着水下热射流的浮升，其动量逐渐衰减进而演变为羽流，采用常规的雷诺时均方法进行模拟容易出现涡粘过大导致仿真结果失真的问题。针对这一问题，文中以水下热射流出口为研究对象，运用PANS (Partially-Averaged Navier-Stokes)方法改进了水下热射流的计算模型，对其在静止和运动工况下的浮升扩散过程进行数值模拟，分析了水下热射流的浮升扩散规律。然后搭建了全透明的拖曳式试验水槽，采用平面激光诱导荧光（PLIF）方法测得的热射流在静止和运动工况下的浮升扩散图像与数值仿真结果进行对比验证。结果表明：基于PANS方法的水下热射流预测模型精度较高，所有误差均在15%以内，且绝大部分误差控制在10%以内。

As a method to extract information from optical systems, imaging can be viewed as a parameter estimation problem. The fundamental precision in locating one emitter or estimating the separation between two incoherent emitters is bounded below by the multiparameter quantum Cramér-Rao bound (QCRB). Multiparameter QCRB gives an intrinsic bound in parameter estimation. We determine the ultimate potential of quantum-limited imaging for improving the resolution of a far-field, diffraction-limited optical field within the paraxial approximation. We show that the quantum Fisher information matrix (QFIm) in about one emitter’s position is independent on its true value. We calculate the QFIm of two unequal-brightness emitters’ relative positions and intensities; the results show that only when the relative intensity and centroids of two-point sources, including longitudinal and transverse directions, are known exactly, the separation in different directions can be estimated simultaneously with finite precision. Our results give the upper bounds on certain far-field imaging technology and will find wide use in applications from microscopy to astrometry.